Direct speech and Indirect Speech

Direct speech is refers to reproducing another person’s exact word or saying exactly what someone has said(sometimes calles quoted speech) here what a person says appears within quotation(“…”) and should be word for word.

Example of Direct Speech:

1.Deli said.”I’m very busy.”

2.They said.”we have a bought a picture.”

3.He said,”I am learning my lesson.”

4.You said,”I will come help him.”

5.Ridha will say,”I will do my best.”

Indirect speech refers to reproducing the idea of another person’s words that doesn’t use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word.
Indirect speech is sometimes called reported speech.
There are 3 kinds of indirect speech:
1.Imperrative(command/request)
2.Interrogative(question)
3.Declarative(statement)
Direct speech Indirect speech
Present simple                                                                      Past simple
Vita said, “I eat fried rice.                              Vita said that she ate fried rice.
Past simple                                                                            Past Perfect
Mother said, “I went to market yesterday”.                           Mother said (that) she had gone to market the day before.
Future simple Past Future
Lea said, “I am going to wash my clothes”. Lea said (that) she was going to wash her clothes.
Dave said, “I will buy an I-Pod next week”.  Dave said (that) he would buy an I-Pod the week after.
Present continuous                                                             Past continuous
Gama said, “I am playing football”.                                        Gama said he was playing football.
Past continuous                                                                   Past perfect continuous
She said, “I was teaching earlier.”                                        She said she had been teaching earlier.
▪         When we want to report what someone said, we do not usually repeat their exact words, we use our words. We can use reporting verbs, such as tell, say, ask followed by ‘that-clause’.
Example: My mother said that she got up at 4 o’clock.
▪         When reporting verbs is in the Present, Present Perfect, or Future, there is no change of tense in the words reported.
Example: She will tell you
She says                       (that) she doesn’t know.
She has just saidIn time expressions and pronouns

Direct speech	Indirect speech
Now Today/tonight Yesterday Tomorrow Last week Next week Ago	Then That day/that night The day before/the previous day The next/following day The previous week The following week/the week after Before
This/these Here Pronouns	That/those There They change according to the context

Sometimes we need to report someone’s questions. The reported question are introduced with the verb ask, inquire, wonder, want to know, etc.

Type	Form	Examples
Yes-No questions	Ask                    +  if/whether  +  subject  +  verb Wonder etc.	“Do you speak English?” - He wondered if I spoke English.
Wh-questions	Ask                    +  question word + subject +  verb Wonder etc.	“What are you watching?” - She asked what I am watching.